Puerto Rico (2002)

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Puerto Rico 2002 year


Administrative divisions	none (commonwealth associated with the US); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 78 municipalities (municipios, singular - municipio) at the second order; Adjuntas, Aguada, Aguadilla, Aguas Buenas, Aibonito, Anasco, Arecibo, Arroyo, Barceloneta, Barranquitas, Bayamon, Cabo Rojo, Caguas, Camuy, Canovanas, Carolina, Catano, Cayey, Ceiba, Ciales, Cidra, Coamo, Comerio, Corozal, Culebra, Dorado, Fajardo, Florida, Guanica, Guayama, Guayanilla, Guaynabo, Gurabo, Hatillo, Hormigueros, Humacao, Isabela, Jayuya, Juana Diaz, Juncos, Lajas, Lares, Las Marias, Las Piedras, Loiza, Luquillo, Manati, Maricao, Maunabo, Mayaguez, Moca, Morovis, Naguabo, Naranjito, Orocovis, Patillas, Penuelas, Ponce, Quebradillas, Rincon, Rio Grande, Sabana Grande, Salinas, San German, San Juan, San Lorenzo, San Sebastian, Santa Isabel, Toa Alta, Toa Baja, Trujillo Alto, Utuado, Vega Alta, Vega Baja, Vieques, Villalba, Yabucoa, Yauco
Age structure	0-14 years: 23.5% (male 476,726; female 453,782) 15-64 years: 65.8% (male 1,249,850; female 1,353,438) 65 years and over: 10.7% (male 180,053; female 244,139) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	sugarcane, coffee, pineapples, plantains, bananas; livestock products, chickens
Airports	30 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 19 over 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 10 (2002)
Area	total: 9,104 sq km land: 8,959 sq km water: 145 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly less than three times the size of Rhode Island
Background	Populated for centuries by aboriginal peoples, the island was claimed by the Spanish Crown in 1493 following Columbus' second voyage to the Americas. In 1898, after 400 years of colonial rule that saw the indigenous population nearly exterminated and African slave labor introduced, Puerto Rico was ceded to the US as a result of the Spanish-American War. Puerto Ricans were granted US citizenship in 1917 and popularly elected governors have served since 1948. In 1952, a constitution was enacted providing for internal self-government. In plebiscites held in 1967, 1993, and 1998 voters chose to retain commonwealth status.
Birth rate	15.04 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $6.7 billion expenditures: $9.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00)
Capital	San Juan
Climate	tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation
Coastline	501 km
Constitution	ratified 3 March 1952; approved by US Congress 3 July 1952; effective 25 July 1952
Country name	conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico conventional short form: Puerto Rico
Currency	US dollar (USD)
Death rate	7.82 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$NA
Dependency status	commonwealth associated with the US
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Disputes - international	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA
Economy - overview	Puerto Rico has one of the most dynamic economies in the Caribbean region. A diverse industrial sector has surpassed agriculture as the primary locus of economic activity and income. Encouraged by duty-free access to the US and by tax incentives, US firms have invested heavily in Puerto Rico since the 1950s. US minimum wage laws apply. Sugar production has lost out to dairy production and other livestock products as the main source of income in the agricultural sector. Tourism has traditionally been an important source of income, with estimated arrivals of nearly 5 million tourists in 1999. Growth fell off in 2001, largely due to the slowdown in the US economy.
Electricity - consumption	19.062 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	20.497 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 99% hydro: 1% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Cerro de Punta 1,338 m
Environment - current issues	erosion; occasional drought causing water shortages
Ethnic groups	white (mostly Spanish origin) 80.5%, black 8%, Amerindian 0.4%, Asian 0.2%, mixed and other 10.9%
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used
Executive branch	chief of state: President George W. BUSH of the US (since 20 January 2001); Vice President Richard B. CHENEY (since 20 January 2001) head of government: Governor Sila M. CALDERON (since 2 January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the governor with the consent of the legislature elections: US president and vice president elected on the same ticket for four-year terms; governor elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004) election results: Sila M. CALDERON (PPD) elected governor; percent of vote - 48.6% note: residents of Puerto Rico do not vote for US president and vice president
Exports	0 kWh (2000)
Exports	$38.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, canned tuna, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment
Exports - partners	US 88% (2000)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed
GDP	purchasing power parity - $43.9 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 1% industry: 45% services: 54% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $11,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	2.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	18 15 N, 66 30 W
Geography - note	important location along the Mona Passage - a key shipping lane to the Panama Canal; San Juan is one of the biggest and best natural harbors in the Caribbean; many small rivers and high central mountains ensure land is well watered; south coast relatively dry; fertile coastal plain belt in north
Highways	total: 14,400 km paved: 14,400 km unpaved: 0 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	0 kWh (2000)
Imports	$27 billion c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities	chemicals, machinery and equipment, clothing, food, fish, petroleum products
Imports - partners	US 60% (2000)
Independence	none (commonwealth associated with the US)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%
Industries	pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products; tourism
Infant mortality rate	9.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	5.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation	Caricom (observer), ECLAC (associate), FAO (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC, WCL, WFTU, WHO (associate)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	76 (2000)
Irrigated land	400 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Appellate Court; Court of First Instance composed of two sections: a Superior Court and a Municipal Court (justices for all these courts appointed by the governor with the consent of the Senate)
Labor force	1.3 million (2000) (2000)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 3%, industry 20%, services 77% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 3.72% permanent crops: 5.07% other: 91.21% (1998 est.)
Languages	Spanish, English
Legal system	based on Spanish civil code and adapted US state laws
Legislative branch	bicameral Legislative Assembly consists of the Senate (28 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) and the House of Representatives (51 seats; members are directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004); House of Representatives - last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPD 19, PNP 8, PIP 1, other 1; House of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPD 30, PNP 20, PIP 1 note: Puerto Rico elects, by popular vote, a resident commissioner to serve a four-year term as a nonvoting representative in the US House of Representatives; aside from not voting on the House floor, he enjoys all the rights of a member of Congress; elections last held 7 November 2000 (next to be held 2 November 2004); results - percent of vote by party - PPD 49.3%; seats by party - PPD 1; Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA elected resident commissioner
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 75.96 years male: 71.5 years female: 80.66 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 90% female: 88% (1980 est.)
Location	Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Map references	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,046 GRT/22,582 DWT ships by type: container 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the US
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; paramilitary National Guard, Police Force
National holiday	US Independence Day, 4 July (1776)
Nationality	noun: Puerto Rican(s) (US citizens) adjective: Puerto Rican
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; hurricanes
Natural resources	some copper and nickel; potential for onshore and offshore oil
Net migration rate	-2.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	National Democratic Party [Celeste BENITEZ]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Luis FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Carlos PESQUERA]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Sila M. CALDERON]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Armed Forces for National Liberation or FALN; Armed Forces of Popular Resistance; Boricua Popular Army (also known as the Macheteros); Volunteers of the Puerto Rican Revolution
Population	3,957,988 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	0.51% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Guanica, Guayanilla, Guayama, Playa de Ponce, San Juan
Radio broadcast stations	AM 72, FM 17, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	2.7 million (1997)
Railways	total: 96 km narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge, note: rural, narrow-gauge system for hauling sugarcane; no passenger service (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Telephone system	general assessment: modern system, integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability domestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
Telephones - main lines in use	1.322 million (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	169,265 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	18 (plus three stations of the US Armed Forces Radio and Television Service) (1997)
Terrain	mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Total fertility rate	1.9 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	9.5% (2000) (2000)
Waterways	none

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